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  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementBase::execute($args = [], $options = []) should either be compatible with PDOStatement::execute(?array $params = null): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2244 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DatabaseStatementEmpty::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in require_once() (line 2346 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/database/database.inc).
  • Deprecated function: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in drupal_random_bytes() (line 2268 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DateObject::__wakeup() should either be compatible with DateTime::__wakeup(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in include_once() (line 143 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/sites/all/modules/date/date_api/date_api.module).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DateObject::format($format, $force = false) should either be compatible with DateTime::format(string $format): string, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in include_once() (line 143 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/sites/all/modules/date/date_api/date_api.module).
  • Deprecated function: Return type of DateObject::setTimezone($tz, $force = false) should either be compatible with DateTime::setTimezone(DateTimeZone $timezone): DateTime, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in include_once() (line 143 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/sites/all/modules/date/date_api/date_api.module).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $input declared before required parameter $form_state is implicitly treated as a required parameter in include_once() (line 1389 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $data declared before required parameter $name is implicitly treated as a required parameter in require_once() (line 341 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/module.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $data declared before required parameter $name is implicitly treated as a required parameter in require_once() (line 341 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/module.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $file declared before required parameter $entity_type is implicitly treated as a required parameter in require_once() (line 341 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/module.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $account declared before required parameter $entity_type is implicitly treated as a required parameter in require_once() (line 341 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/module.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $entity declared before required parameter $entity_type is implicitly treated as a required parameter in require_once() (line 341 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/module.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $account declared before required parameter $entity_type is implicitly treated as a required parameter in require_once() (line 341 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/module.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $values declared before required parameter $entity_type is implicitly treated as a required parameter in require_once() (line 341 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/module.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $view_mode declared before required parameter $entity_type is implicitly treated as a required parameter in require_once() (line 341 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/module.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $langcode declared before required parameter $entity_type is implicitly treated as a required parameter in require_once() (line 341 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/module.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $input declared before required parameter $form_state is implicitly treated as a required parameter in require_once() (line 8 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/sites/all/modules/multiupload_filefield_widget/multiupload_filefield_widget.module).
  • Deprecated function: rtrim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in url() (line 2349 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $base_table declared before required parameter $options is implicitly treated as a required parameter in include_once() (line 3492 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Optional parameter $base_field declared before required parameter $options is implicitly treated as a required parameter in include_once() (line 3492 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Deprecated function: mb_substr(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in drupal_substr() (line 593 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/unicode.inc).
  • Deprecated function: mb_substr(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in drupal_substr() (line 593 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/unicode.inc).
  • Deprecated function: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in url_is_external() (line 2393 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in url_is_external() (line 2395 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: ltrim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in url() (line 2311 of /home/seekscholar/public_html/includes/common.inc).
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Ethnography is a useful research method involving participant observation, widely used in business and academics. I depict a usual challenge for them when doing the fieldwork in familiar sites.... Read more

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Ethnography uses multiple rhetorical strategies. They are needed because representation is the key function of ethnography, representing an unfamiliar culture to readers from a different culture.... Read more

Ethnography involves the portrayal of a culture in terms of another culture.

Ethnographers, while scientists by all standards, are also humans, social members, and part of a culture that surrounds and shapes them. Culture is a phenomenon that runs deep and has lasting... Read more

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Much of the anthropology and the theories of culture assume that culture makes people act or think in a specific manner. However, practice theory assumes that such human tendencies to act and... Read more

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The purpose of the research
This needs to start with why you have undertaken a research journey. Different people will have different motivations for embarking on a research journey. For... Read more

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Preparing the presentation
Once you understand the audience well or have thought about them, you are ready to make the presentation. There are various technologies available to prepare the... Read more

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Chapter 2

Knowing the audience

This is an easy step in most institutes. You would have already seen the thesis defense many times in your institute. You would understand the typical... Read more